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Moscow provides naval escort to ships carrying Russian cargo following growing cases of Western navies intercepting such vessels. The Maritime Board of Russia, headed by the top Kremlin aide, Nikolai Patrushev, devised a set of rules for countering the detention of Russian ships on high seas and international shipping lanes. Although these guidelines primarily cover the Azov-Black Sea basin and the Baltic Sea region, ensuring secure and efficient navigation, it was not clear whether the naval escort would be provided beyond these parts of the World.
The decision comes as European nations have stepped up efforts to disrupt Russia’s so-called shadow fleet of tankers used by Moscow to deliver hydrocarbons to its traditional customers in India and China, and growing demand in Asian markets in the wake of the West Asia crisis and blockade of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran. But recently, Russia has been forced to abandon naval escort operations in the Black Sea, effectively admitting that it cannot adequately secure its maritime exports. The fleet’s current condition limits its ability to conduct escort missions because there are too few operational vessels, RFU News media outlet says. Moreover, the defenses of Russian warships are insufficient against long-range strikes and naval drones. In addition to the ship shortage, the overall combat training is inadequate to prepare the Russian marines against Ukrainian strikes. While the fleet still includes capable marines, there have been instances where even minor mistakes have resulted in reassignment to frontline assault units, leaving the Russian navy with incompetent sailors. These factors all contributed to the bad state of the Russian navy, which is now unable to protect themselves against strikes, let alone escort other vessels. This is particularly crucial at this time when sustained Ukrainian strikes hit shadow fleet tankers and Russian naval assets one by one in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk. According to Russian authorities, a Liberian-flagged tanker with Russian oil exports was attacked in Russian territorial waters, resulting in injuries to its captain. Ukrainian long-range drones also struck two large landing ships in Sevastopol, which were used to transport troops and armored vehicles, RFU News reports. The destruction of radars in Crimea has also contributed to both the damage of the ships in Sevastopol, but also to the limited Russian capability to protect its maritime operations. Because of the lack of escort ships and limited radar coverage, Russian tankers and cargo ships remain vulnerable, leading to the collapse of its Black Sea export routes. Russia relies heavily on these routes because approximately twenty percent of the country’s seaborne crude oil exports and eighty percent of its maritime grain shipments go through here. The deeper issue for the current situation is rooted in Russia’s domestic shipbuilding sector, which lacks the capacity to replace losses at scale. Russian military analysts complain that only a small number of shipyards can support the bare minimum needs of the Russian fleet, and even these face persistent delays, as Western sanctions have cut off access to critical imported components, including diesel engines, advanced electronics, and specialized machine tools, RFU News says. Much of the shipbuilding infrastructure dates back to the Soviet era and has not been modernized, further essentially rendering impossible Russia’s ability to replace losses. This restricts the ability to exert power over seas, with the biggest problems happening with dry docks, heavy-lift cranes, and production lines. Compounding this is a shortage of skilled personnel, particularly engineers and welders, many of whom have been mobilized, further degrading output and quality. As a result, each lost Russian vessel carries significant strategic weight, as the system in place is unable to replace it in a timely or effective manner. Because of the lack of ships, Russia is forced to reduce its oil exports and absorb losses in revenue.
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